Gammarus
Gammarus roeseli
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Peracarida
Order: Amphipoda
Family: Gammaridae
Genus: Gammarus
Fabricius, 1775
Type species
Gammarus pulex
Synonyms
  • Rivulogammarus
  • Sinogammarus

Gammarus is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans.[2] Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in terms of salinity, and different tolerances; Gammarus pulex, for instance, is a purely freshwater species, while Gammarus locusta is estuarine, only living where the salinity is greater than 25‰.[3]

Species of Gammarus are the typical "scuds" of North America and range widely throughout the Holarctic. A considerable number are also found southwards into the Northern Hemisphere tropics, particularly in Southeast Asia.[4]

Species

The following species are included:[5] Four new species were found in 2018 on the Tibetan Plateau.[6] Four more new species were described from the Chihuahuan Desert in 2021.[7]

  • Gammarus abscisus G. Karaman, 1973
  • Gammarus abstrusus Hou, Platvoet & Li, 2006
  • Gammarus acalceolatus Pinkster, 1970
  • Gammarus accolae G. Karaman, 1973
  • Gammarus accretus Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus acherondytes Hubricht & Mackins, 1940
  • Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov, 1931)
  • Gammarus agrarius G. Karaman, 1973
  • Gammarus albimanus G. Karaman, 1968
  • Gammarus alsaticus Van Straelen, 1924†
  • Gammarus altus Hou & Li, 2018
  • Gammarus anatoliensis Schellenberg, 1937
  • Gammarus angulatus (Martynov, 1930)
  • Gammarus angusticoxalis Martynov, 1935
  • Gammarus annandalei (Monod, 1924)
  • Gammarus annulatus Smith, 1873
  • Gammarus anodon Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
  • Gammarus aoculus Hou & Li, 2003
  • Gammarus araxenius Derzhavin, 1938
  • Gammarus arduus G. Karaman, 1975
  • Gammarus argaeus Vávra, 1905
  • Gammarus bakhteyaricus Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004
  • Gammarus balcanicus Schaferna, 1922
  • Gammarus barnaulensis Schellenberg, 1937
  • Gammarus baysali Özbek et al., 2013
  • Gammarus belli G. Karaman, 1984
  • Gammarus bergi Martynov, 1930
  • Gammarus birsteini Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus bosniacus Schäferna, 1922
  • Gammarus bousfieldi Cole & Minckley, 1961
  • Gammarus brevicornis (Martynov, 1935)
  • Gammarus brevipodus Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004
  • Gammarus breviramus Bousfield & Elwood, 1971
  • Gammarus bucharensis Martynov, 1935
  • Gammarus caparti Petre-Stroobants, 1981
  • Gammarus caucasicus Martynov, 1932
  • Gammarus caudisetus Viviani, 1805
  • Gammarus chaohuensis Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus chevreuxi Sexton, 1913
  • Gammarus chimkenti G. Karaman, 1984
  • Gammarus chostensis Martynov, 1932
  • Gammarus cohabitus Hosinger, Shafer, Fong & Culver, 2008
  • Gammarus colei sp. nov. [7]
  • Gammarus comosus Hou, Li & Gao, 2005
  • Gammarus craspedotrichus Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus crenulatus G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus crinicaudatus Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
  • Gammarus crinicornis Stock, 1966
  • Gammarus crispus Martynov, 1932
  • Gammarus curvativus Hou & Li, 2003
  • Gammarus dabanus Tachteew & Mekhanikova, 2000
  • Gammarus daiberi Bousfield, 1969
  • Gammarus decorosus Meng, Hou & Li, 2003
  • Gammarus denticulatus Hou, Li & Morino, 2002
  • Gammarus desperatus Cole, 1981
  • Gammarus dorsosetosus Mateus & Mateus, 1990
  • Gammarus duebeni Liljeborg, 1852
  • Gammarus dulensis S. Karaman, 1929
  • Gammarus edwardsi Bate, 1862
  • Gammarus effultus G. Karaman, 1975
  • Gammarus electrus Hou & Li, 2003
  • Gammarus elevatus Hou, Li & Morino, 2002
  • Gammarus elvirae Iannilli & Ruffo, 2002
  • Gammarus emeiensis Hou, Li & Koenemann, 2002
  • Gammarus fasciatus Say, 1818
  • Gammarus finmarchicus Dahl, 1938
  • Gammarus flabellifera Stimpson, 1856
  • Gammarus fluviatilis Milne-Edwards, 1840†
  • Gammarus fontinalis Costa, 1883
  • Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1836
  • Gammarus frater Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus frigidus Hou & Li, 2004
  • Gammarus galgosensis Lee & Kim, 2004
  • Gammarus galgosensis Lee & Kim, 1980
  • Gammarus gauthieri (S. Karaman, 1935)
  • Gammarus glabratus Hou & Li, 2003
  • Gammarus goedmakersae G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus gonggaensis Hou & Li, 2018
  • Gammarus gracilis Martynov, 1935
  • Gammarus gregoryi Tattersall, 1924
  • Gammarus halilicae G. Karaman, 1969
  • Gammarus hegmatanensis Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011[8]
  • Gammarus hirsutus Martynov, 1935
  • Gammarus hongyuanensis Barnard & Dai, 1988
  • Gammarus hoonsooi Lee, 1986
  • Gammarus hyalelloides Cole, 1976
  • Gammarus ibericus Margalef, 1951
  • Gammarus inaequicauda Stock, 1966
  • Gammarus inberbus Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus inopinatus Mateus & Mateus, 1990
  • Gammarus insensibilis Stock, 1966
  • Gammarus italicus Goedmakers & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus izmirensis Özbek, 2007
  • Gammarus jacksoni Morino & Whitman, 1995
  • Gammarus jaspidus Hou & Li, 2004
  • Gammarus jenneri Bynum & Fox, 1977
  • Gammarus kamtschaticus Tzvetkova, 1972
  • Gammarus kangdingensis Hou & Li, 2018
  • Gammarus kasymovi Aliev, 1997
  • Gammarus katagani Özbek, 2012
  • Gammarus kesanensis Özbek & Camur-Elipek, 2010
  • Gammarus kesslerianus Martynov, 1931
  • Gammarus kischineffensis Schellenberg, 1937
  • Gammarus komareki (Schaferna, 1922)
  • Gammarus korbuensis Martynov, 1930
  • Gammarus koshovi Bazikalova, 1946
  • Gammarus kyonggiensis Lee & Seo, 1990
  • Gammarus laborifer Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus lacustris G. O. Sars, 1864
  • Gammarus langi sp. nov. [7]
  • Gammarus lasaensis Barnard & Dai, 1988
  • Gammarus laticoxalis Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus lawrencianus Bousfield, 1956
  • Gammarus lecroyae Thoma & Heard, 2009
  • Gammarus ledoyeri G. Karaman, 1987
  • Gammarus lepoliensis Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989
  • Gammarus lichuanensis Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus limnaeus S. I. smith, 1874
  • Gammarus limosus Hou & Li, 2018
  • Gammarus lobifer Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
  • Gammarus locusta (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Gammarus longipedis Karaman & Pinkster, 1987
  • Gammarus longisaeta Lee & Seo, 1992
  • Gammarus lophacanthus Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus lordeganensis Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004
  • Gammarus lychnidensis Schellenberg, 1943
  • Gammarus macedonicus G. Karaman, 1976
  • Gammarus madidus Hou & Li, 2005
  • Gammarus malpaisensis sp. nov. [7]
  • Gammarus marmouchensis Fadil, 2006
  • Gammarus maroccanus Fadil & Dakki, 2001
  • Gammarus martensi Hou & Li, 2004
  • Gammarus matienus Derzhavin, 1938
  • Gammarus miae Mateus & Mateus, 1990
  • Gammarus microps Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975
  • Gammarus minus Say, 1818
  • Gammarus mladeni Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus monospeliensis Pinkster, 1972
  • Gammarus montanus Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004
  • Gammarus morcea Özbek & Aydin, 2023[9]
  • Gammarus mucronatus Say, 1818
  • Gammarus murarius Hou & Li, 2004
  • Gammarus nekkensis Uchida, 1935
  • Gammarus ninglangensis Hou & Li, 2003
  • Gammarus nipponensis Uéno, 1940
  • Gammarus nox Stock, 1995
  • Gammarus nudus Martynov, 1931
  • Gammarus obnixus Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus obruki Özbek, 2012
  • Gammarus oceanicus Segerstråle, 1947
  • Gammarus ocellatus Martynov, 1930
  • Gammarus ochridensis (Schäferna, 1926)
  • Gammarus odaensis Lee & Kim, 1980
  • Gammarus odettae Mateus & Mateus, 1990
  • Gammarus oeningensis Heer, 1865†
  • Gammarus orinos Pinkster & Schol, 1984
  • Gammarus oronticus Alouf, 1979
  • Gammarus osellai Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus pageti Mateus & Mateus, 1990
  • Gammarus palustris Bousfield, 1969
  • Gammarus parechiniformis G. Karaman, 1977
  • Gammarus paricrenatus Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
  • Gammarus parthicus Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
  • Gammarus paucispinus Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus pavlovici
  • Gammarus pavo Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus paynei Delong, 1992
  • Gammarus pecos Cole & Bousfield, 1970
  • Gammarus pellucidus Gurjanova, 1930
  • Gammarus percalacustris sp. nov. [7]
  • Gammarus pexus Hou & Li, 2005
  • Gammarus platvoeti Hou & Li, 2003
  • Gammarus pljakici G. Karaman, 1964
  • Gammarus plumipes Mateus & Mateus, 1990
  • Gammarus praecyrius Derzhavin, 1941†
  • Gammarus preciosus Wang, Hou & Li, 2009
  • Gammarus pretzmanni Mateus & Mateus, 1990
  • Gammarus proiectus Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
  • Gammarus pseudoanatoliensis Karaman & Pinkster, 1987
  • Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield, 1958
  • Gammarus pseudosyriacus Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
  • Gammarus pulex Linnaeus, 1758
  • Gammarus qiani Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus rambouseki S. Karaman, 1931
  • Gammarus retzi Maikovsky, 1941†
  • Gammarus rifatlensis Fadil, 2006
  • Gammarus riparius Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus roeselii Gervais, 1835
  • Gammarus rouxi Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975
  • Gammarus salemaai G. Karaman, 1985
  • Gammarus salinus Spooner, 1947
  • Gammarus sepidannus Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009
  • Gammarus setosus Dementieva, 1931
  • Gammarus shanxiensis Barnard & Dai, 1988
  • Gammarus shenmuensis Hou & Li, 2004
  • Gammarus sichuanensis Hou, Li & Zheng, 2002
  • Gammarus sinuolatus Hou & Li, 2004
  • Gammarus sirvannus Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011[8]
  • Gammarus sketi G. Karaman, 1989
  • Gammarus sobaegensis G. Karaman, 1984
  • Gammarus solidus G. Karaman, 1977
  • Gammarus songirdaki G. Karaman, 1984
  • Gammarus soyoensis Lee & Kim, 1980
  • Gammarus spelaeus Martynov, 1931
  • Gammarus spinipalmus (Chen, 1939)
  • Gammarus spooneri G. Karaman, 1991
  • Gammarus stagnarius Hou, Li & Morino, 2002
  • Gammarus stalagmiticus Hou & Li, 2005
  • Gammarus stankokaramani G. Karaman, 1976
  • Gammarus stojicevici (S. Karaman, 1929)
  • Gammarus stupendus Pinkster, 1983
  • Gammarus subtypicus Stock, 1966
  • Gammarus suifunensis Martynov, 1925
  • Gammarus syriacus Chevreux, 1895
  • Gammarus takesensis Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004
  • Gammarus taliensis Shen, 1954
  • Gammarus tauricus Martynov, 1931
  • Gammarus teletzkensis Martynov, 1930
  • Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939
  • Gammarus topkarai Özbek & Balik, 2009
  • Gammarus translucidus Hou, Li & Li, 2004
  • Gammarus troglophilus Hubricht & Mackins, 1940
  • Gammarus truncatus Martynov, 1930
  • Gammarus turanus Martynov, 1935
  • Gammarus uludagi G. S. Karaman, 1975
  • Gammarus unguiserratus Costa, 1853
  • Gammarus ustaoglui Özbek & Guloglu, 2005
  • Gammarus varsoviensis Jazdzewski, 1975
  • Gammarus vignai Pinkster & Karaman, 1978
  • Gammarus wangbangensis Lee & Seo, 1990
  • Gammarus wautieri Roux, 1967
  • Gammarus wilkitzkii Birula, 1897
  • Gammarus xiangfengensis Hou & Li, 2002
  • Gammarus zaddachi Sexton, 1912
  • Gammarus zagrosensis Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009
  • Gammarus zeongogensis Lee & Kim, 1980
  • Gammarus kunti Özbek, Baytaşoğlu & Aksu, 2023

References

  1. ↑ Jan Hendrik Stock (1969). "Rivulogammarus, an amphipod name that must be rejected". Crustaceana. 17 (1): 106–107. doi:10.1163/156854069X00105.
  2. ↑ F. O. Costa; C. M. Henzler; D. H. Lunt; N. M. Whiteley; J. Rock (2009). "Probing marine Gammarus (Amphipoda) taxonomy with DNA barcodes" (PDF). Systematics and Biodiversity. 7 (4): 365–379. doi:10.1017/S1477200009990120. S2CID 83482755.
  3. ↑ C. Barry Cox; Peter D. Moore (2010). "Patterns of distribution". Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach (8th ed.). John Wiley and Sons. pp. 37–89. ISBN 978-0-470-63794-4.
  4. ↑ Zhonge Hou; Jinzhong Fu; Shuqiang Li (2009). "A molecular phylogeny of the genus Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 (2): 596–611. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.006. PMID 17686635.
  5. ↑ Mark Costello; Denise Bellan-Santini (2010). "Gammarus Fabricius, 1775". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
  6. ↑ Hou, Zhonge; Li, Shuqiang (2018). "Four new Gammarus species from Tibetan Plateau with a key to Tibetan freshwater gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae)". ZooKeys (747): 1–40. doi:10.3897/zookeys.747.21999. PMC 5904427. PMID 29674901. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Ashley D. Walters; Andrew G. Cannizzaro; Daniel A. Trujillo; David J. Berg (2021). "Addressing the Linnean shortfall in a cryptic species complex". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (2): 277–305. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa099.
  8. 1 2 Maryam Hekmatara; Alireza Sari; Mohammad-Hadi Heidary Baladehi (2011). "Two new Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Zagros Mountains, Iran" (PDF excerpt). Zootaxa. 2894: 39–57. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2894.1.3.
  9. ↑ Özbek, Murat; Aydin, Gökhan (2023-01-01). "A new amphipod from the depths of the Morca Sinkhole (Anamur, Türkiye): Gammarus morcae n. sp. (Amphipoda: Gammaridae), with notes on cavernicolous amphipods of Türkiye". Turkish Journal of Zoology. The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Tubitak-Ulakbim) - Digital Commons Journals. 47 (2): 81–93. doi:10.55730/1300-0179.3118. ISSN 1300-0179.
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